air conditioning system in your car failed

Has your car?s air conditioning system failed again? You may not feel the effect of it in winter or during the colder periods of the year, but comes summer, you?ll feel rather hot, sticky and wretched inside your car. So if your car?s air conditioner is not working properly, you better give it a check now and determine which parts need to be prelaced.

One the indispensable parts that must keep working on your auto AC is the A/C condenser. You can easily locate this part if you?ll look under the hood of your car. The condenser is usually located in front of the radiator unless there have been a redesign in your car?s engine area. One must not mistake it, however, with the radiator as the two look closely similar.

The A/C condenser does much of the same job for your automobile air conditioning system as the radiator does for the engine cooling system. While radiators keep the water circulating through the engine cool, condensers keeps the refrigerant that is flowing through your car?s air conditioning system cool.

The condenser radiates the heat of the refrigerant, which is at most times a Freon gas, which was passed to it by the AC compressor, cools it and turns it into liquid form. The engine fan would usually aid in the cooling of the refrigerant, although an additional condenser fan would still be needed for front-wheel drive cars. The liquid refrigerant would still be warm but not as hot as the gas in the compressor. An expansion valve would further transform the liquid refrigerant into cold, gaseous form so that it could once again absorb the warm air inside your vehicle.

The A/C condenser is essential for the ventilation of your car?s interior, especially during hot summer days. So if the AC condenser of your car failed, you better buy a new one and install it in your car. Here at Parts Train, we have a variety of A/C condensers available for almost any make or model of car. Our condensers are carefully selected from the products offered by major auto AC condenser manufacturers. Every part that you?ll find here on our website is guaranteed of premium quality, as checked by our top inspectors. This would guarantee you that the auto A/C condenser you will be getting is in good working condition and would efficiently ventilate the interiors of your car.

Full stroke safety valve

1. full stroke safety device
The sectional drawings show the internal construction of the two mainly used valve types. Safety valves are important safety devices and must prevent high excess pressures in the boiler. To ensure that they will operate reliably, they must be carefully maintained and the operating instructions strictly observed. Only type-tested safety valves must be used. With the full-stroke safety valve the required valve stroke is already reached at a 5% excess pressure. With such valves the opening takes place suddenly at the start of blow-off, also closing after pressure has dropped sufficiently.
2. Assembly instructions
The blow-off pipe run must be laid safely into the open. The pipe cross-section must be chosen so that no back-pressure occurs at full blow-off . The attachment must be made to ensure that occurring back-pressure forces can be safely absorbed. Even in the closed condition, no additional forces from the blow-off piping must act on the safety valve. Provide enough brackets on the blow-off pipe! The blow-off pipe must have a safe outlet and be safeguarded against freezing. The blow-off pipe must be provided at its lowest point with a drainage unit which cannot be shut off. Blow-off pipes of safety valves which are connected to water spaces must be provided with an expansion vessel and a water trap.
3. Setting
The response pressure setting is checked and lead-sealed by the inspector during the safety test. When setting the response pressure of a spring-loaded safety valve care must be taken that the taper does not turn at the same time. To prevent this, the spindle must be held tight when adjusting the spring compression screw. On completion of the pressure setting the spring compression screw must be secured.
4. Checking for easy movement
Safety valves must be checked at appropriate intervals for easy movement. To do this, the load on the taper must be relieved by raising the lifting lever, so that the valve opens at the existing operating pressure.

I007-Level transducer type SER 2

The SER 2 level transducer is a compact device which works using the capacitive method of measurement. The level transducer can continuously measure filling levels in the defined measurement range in electrically conductive and non-conductive media.
The SER 2 level transducer has a transmitter integrated in the connecting housing and provides a level-proportional measurement current of 4-20 mA.
Capacitive filling level measurement methods are based on the principle of an electrical capacitor. If, between two condensate plates, the filling level of a dielectric changes, the current flowing through the plates also changes in proportion to the filling level. A dielectric is, by definition, an insulating substance, which does not include, however, many filling media, such as water. In order to obtain a usable measurement result nonetheless, the measurement rod that is dipped into the medium is completely insulated. After a 0-100% adjustment of the control electronics, the filling level can be read off, for example, at a remote display. The filling level measurement range can be changed during operation.

Pressure Transducer

1. Gauge pressure transducer
The pressure of the measuring medium acts on the diaphragm. The bulging on the diaphragm, which increases with rising pressure, transmits via an amplifier a steady output signal in the form of a voltage or current.
2. Pressure differential pickup
From each of the two sides, different pressures act on a diaphragm. The higher of the two pressures causes the measuring diaphragm to bulge towards the side of the lower pressure. This generates via an amplifier a steady output signal in the form of a voltage or current.
3. Operating conditions
Perm. pressure see appliance rating plate
Perm. press. differential: see appliance rating plate
Perm. ambient temp.: 0 ... +70 °C
Perm. medium temp. at
the pressure connection: max. +70 °C
Perm. transport and
storage temperature: -60 ... +70 °C
Perm. ambient humidity: Class D
Perm. power supply DC 13-30V
Max. power consumption
(DIN 40040): 30 mA
Type of encl. (DIN 40050): IP 65

Water limiter electrode E4B

The level limiter electrode E4B is, in combination with the switching amplifier B3 (see Operating Instructions H001), a level limiting devices of a "special design type". The combination of equipment recognises the minimum permitted water level LW (= low water) in steam and hot water generators.
The function of the level limiter device is based on the different conductivity of water and steam. When the level limiter electrode is immersed and removed, a bridge switching in the switching amplifier B3 is unbalanced. This signal is amplified and switches the output relay of the switching amplifier, which, with its contacts in the safety chain of the firing, triggers a fault shutdown.
The LW switching point is permanently set through the place of installation, location of the level limiter electrode and electrode rod length and can only be changed as described in Chapter 9 "Assembly".

If the level falls below the LW switching point or if the permitted monitoring current of the insulation monitoring is exceeded, then the light-emitting diode (LED) on the switching amplifier goes off, the relay in the switching amplifier returns to the starting position, and the firing is shut down due to a fault.
With steam generators, the level limiter electrode is installed in a protective pipe to avoid any dangerous incorrect operations as a result of foam formation in the boiler water (foam simulating water).
With hot water generators, it is usually installed in the supply flow adapter piece without any other protection.

low load control

1. General
A low-load control unit is incorporated as standard in everyLoos Switchgear System for oil, gas or dual fuel boilers with 2-step, 3-step or continuously variable control.This control unit prevents unnecessary energy losses as well as alternating temperature stresses of the boiler.
2. Principle of operation
When the boiler is started up, switching to burner step 2 (3) Rotary knob (1) or to continuous burner control is prevented for a preset time of up to 5 minutes. After each control shutdown
and subsequent restart of the burner, this circuit functions analogously. The burner will therefore not perform uncontrolled ON/OFF switching with moderate steamr hot water requirement.
This results in lower pre-ventilation losses as well as reducing thermal stress on the boiler walls, particularly on the firing side.
3. Setting
The timer can be set as required to between 0 - 5 minutes (each scale division corresponds to 0.5 minutes). When putting the system into operation, it is recommended to set the rotary knob to scale value 3 (1.5 minutes delay). This value can be successively increased if no difficulties are encountered during operation as a result of an excessive pressure drop after normal shutdown. If, after a normal shutdown, the pressure in the consumers drops excessively, the setting of the rotary knob (1) must be reduced in small steps by turning it anticlockwise. The longer the delay time, the less energy consumption and the less boiler wear firing operation will entail. The luminous indicator N (green) indicates when voltage is applied to the time-lag relay. The luminous indicator R (red) light up when the delay time has elapsed.
4. Malfunctions
Pressure/temperature drop after control shutdown on the consumer too high:
Cause: Time-lag relay set to too long a delay.
Remedy: Reduce the rotary knob's setting in small steps by turning is anticlockwise.

people choose electric car

Electric cars are not a new concept as we think, people hve been using them for a long time .In fact in the 1900's people used more electric cars than cars run on gas.In the 1920's when the popularity for cars was growing, gas was very costly.Starting a gas run car was also a very tedious process, there was no key to ignite the engine, in fact a rod used to fit into the front of the car which had to be turned round and round to get the car started.

Not only were gas run cars tedious to start , they emitted alot of smoke and were very noisy, as either the mufflers used were not good or there were no mufflers at all. Beleive it or not , at one point of time electric cars were so popular that there were about 50,000 electric cars running on the streets of United States .

As new discoveries were underway to make gasoline cheaper, electric cars started disappearing from the market. The discovery of the electric starter made way for the exit of the crank and the car was started with a key.A car run on gas could travel more distance than the electric car.Thus cars run on gas started getting more pouplar than the electric car.

Now, once again because of the awareness towards protecting the environment and reducing the dangers caused by the emission of the greenhouse gases " green " electric cars are once again getting
popularized.

Gasoline is not used to run an electric car, it runs on the energy stored in batteries in the car. 12,14 or more batteries may be needed to run the car.The operation of the electric car is similar to that a remote controlled one since both have an electric motor that turns the wheel and a battery that that runs the motor.

Charging of the batteries can either be done all night or some cars need to be plugged into a standard electric wall.There are some which need a large electric outlet, something like what is used for an electric stove or electric clothes dryer. These are the various ways electricity is stored in the cars.

The batteries used to run the cars have to be either lead acid batteries, similar to those used in torch lights or ni-cad (nickel-cadium) used to run portable viodeo recorders or video games , only much larger in size. A lot of work is going on to upgrade the batteries to hold more energy and last longer. By the time the fifth graders in 2001 are ready to drive we should have electric cars which will be able to travel 150 to 200 miles before needing to get recharged.

Manufacturers of cars and scientists are making constant endeavours to make better cars which will be more eco-friendly. The revival of electric cars and the challenge to make them more attractive is on in a big way and enticing more people to switch over to electric cars.

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